Alternating current thin-film electroluminescent (AC-TFEL) devices already occupy a segment of the large-area, high-resolution, flat-panel-display market. The AC-TFEL displays, which consist of a phosphor layer, such as manganese doped-zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn), vertically sandwiched between two insulators that are contacted by electrodes, are robust, possess long lifetimes, and offer high luminanc...

Organic Electronics is a new branch of electronics where organic materials instead of traditional inorganic elements such as Silicon or germanium are used for making transistors, solar cells, light emitting diodes and other elements. In order to appreciate the benefits offered by this new technology, it is important to understand the history of electronics and how it has transformed our lives. ...

For the past forty years inorganic silicon and gallium arsenide semiconductors, silicon dioxide insulators, and metals such as aluminum and copper have been the backbone of the semiconductor industry. However, there has been a growing research effort in “organic electronics” to improve the semiconducting, conducting, and lightemitting properties of organics (polymers, oligomers) and hybrids (or...

Organic transistors and circuits are fabricated directly on the surface of banknotes. The transistors operate with voltages of 3 V and have a field-effect mobility of about 0.2 cm2 V−1s−1. For an array of 100 transistors a yield of 92% is obtained.

Over recent years, a wide variety of challenges aiming for electrical pumping of organic laser diodes have been addressed. However, organic laser diodes have difficulty gaining widespread application due to their high lasing thresholds under electrical pumping. A variety of organic semiconductors have been developed to reduce the lasing threshold, which include not only small molecular material...